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"Poverty" Nigeria Greatest Diseases

    By Gbenga olagunju - Nigeria

poverty is the world deadleist diseases, it wields its

desturctive

influence at every stage of human life, and for most of its

victims the

only escape is an early grave. Poverty provides that too! while

life

expectancy is increasing in most developed countries, it is

actually

shrinking in some of the poorest. for many million of people for

whom

survival is a daily battle the prospect of a longer life may seem

more

like punishment than a prize.

Hiroshi Nakajima-WHO/ PAI.

The view express above is s quote from Hiroshi Nakajima, A one

time

director of world health orgnaization (WHO) on poverty allevation

initiative

The simple meaning of democracy could just be say as service to

people

or humanity and kindness to our enviroment. But what we see in

today

politics is suffering/ negelect  to our people from those who are

to

serve them better. Instead they often run after accusation  of

more

wealth in neglect of social/econmic service to those who elected

them

into power/political offices.

    There is a clear and acknowlegde need for a more reasonable

equitable

distribution of developmental gains, both between individuals as

well as

between areas. It is self evident to sevral thousands of people

in

nigeria in particular who suffer from malnutrition, poor

education ,ill-

housing, high cost of health facilities and high rate of

unemployment.

The issue is not simply economic but social and cultural gaps

must be

bridged so as to allow all citizens to have or maintain a

reasonable

standard of living. This deos not mean a redistribution of wealth

but

the concermed or effort should be towards meaningful employment

opportunities for adult and appropriate socal service and

facilities for

all. Furthermore it is expeted that not only the healthy

workforce that

is, the unemploy youth that poverty allevation programme should

envolve

but so also the sick and infirm, children and the elderly, infact

poverty allevation programme should also include all those who

can not

be expected to play a full and actives role in the development of

our

nation  for a fault which is not theirs.

    However one strategic step to assit the poor is by increasing

accesibility to productive assets, particularly fianacial

resources. for

the poor, The avialability of finacial resources is an important

step

in the accumulation of capital, so that prodution can be increase

and

surpus of income created in order to achive grater capital

accumulation.

But the irrony of the whole issue is that creadit loan are not

often

easy to come by for the rual poor for lack of qolataral or

cubersome

service from the bank or fianacial institetion and if at all,

It`s often

go to wrong hand who will not use it for the purpose it meant

for.

The socail/ecnomic and cultural gaps is too wide in nigeria here

to the

extent that the rich has contiue to be rich while the poor

enjoying

factually nothing in term of socail amenities,yet we talk of

divident of

democracy, the question here now is that to whom is the benifit

of

democratic divident?

The irrony of the whole case is where our people are surffering

in

abject poverty and hunger in the mist of plenty there is still a

purpular saying that nigeria is bless with both human and

marterials

resourceses, Infact nigeria is said to be following with  milk

and honney.

But it is very rediculus that we are  in an era of what i would

call

'the food bug' that is huger have replace food era we use  to

have in

nigeria in those days.Today an average nigerian can no longer

boast of

three good balance diet, instead what we see is hunger in most

faces, yet

the kind of food we are use to are such that our weather/ climate

suits

their growth and even those which are foreign and which we have

been

introduced into our diet have pocket of areas where they can be

produced

.

       Honestly, at this present rate of our demographic grown,

we need  to

give a serious thought to how we can safe our people from diening

from

hunger  by providing employment and adequate  job security to our

people.

One may tend  here to suggest therefore that some of the key

elements toward

these goal could be human resources development',  

decentralization/ more

transparent  programme management sincerity of purpose by

reducing high

rate/high ranks of curuption at every level. Programme that have

no direct

links/benefit to majority of our people at large should be giving

less

piority and above all greater emphasis on' botton-up' planning/

community perticpation and empowerment of the poor could be our

best-bet.



--

 

 

 


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Turning Farming Into A Goldmine : An evaluation of the  presidential initiative on cassava

 

By Gbenga Olagunju-Nigeria

Introduction

The federal government of Nigeria has priority toward self-sufficiency in agricultural production and for export to earn more foreign exchange for the country.

Agricultural sector is an engine room for sustainable growth of Nigeria economics.

It is hoped that through the adoption of new programme, national special programme for food security (nspfs) and the presidential initiative, focusing on cassava, rice, tree crops and other commodities-Nigeria farmers would now have value for their effort.

The small holder cassava producer and their relevance is the major target of the project. Nigeria is one of the leading producers of cassava in the world.

Dividends of cassava production to Nigeria farmers, would be realized by small holder initiative on cassava improvement and developments which is what I refer to as a goldmine to cassava farmer. Cassava is now referred to in Nigeria as a magic crop because of its ability to be processed or used in many ways to the benefit of mankind.

Government support

To assist the farmers to optimize production and ensure sustainability, the federal government is currently encouraging formation of farmers associations to benefit from the large scale cassava production for industrial utilization and for export.

The international institute of tropical agriculture (IITA) have also been mandated by the Government to support farmers with improved cassava planting materials and according to Taye Babaleye, Head of Public Affairs Unit as published in the National Daily said that about 40 new varieties have been developed by IITA for these purposes. These new varieties/genotypes will be used to mitigate the impact of cassava mosaic disease and prevent its spread throughout Nigeria.

These genotypes will also replace susceptible varieties currently grown in the country and double the present cassava yields, provide raw materials, create employment for Nigerians, earn more money through export of cassava products and also improve rural livelihood.

One National Daily also reported that the US Agency for International Development (USAID), the Shell Petroleum Development Company and IITA have signed an agreement to support the Cassava Enterprises Development Project (CEDP).

 

This is a presidential initiative funded by IITA, the Federal Government of Nigeria, Niger Delta Development Commission, major oil producing companies and 12 states in southern Nigeria. It is aimed at boosting agricultural production toward self sufficiency in food production, for industrial utilization and for export to earn foreign exchange for the country.

There is also a study tour by presidential committees on cassava export to many countries including Thailand and Brazil who are major cassava exporter.

 

It is worth noting that Nigeria has also entered trade agreements with China, South Africa and Botswana as targets for her cassava export.

 

According to Chief (Mrs.) G.M Sasore, MD, Nigeria Export Promotion Council (NEPC) and Special Assistant to President Olusegun Obasanjo on Export Matters,  Nigeria produces 120,000 tons of cassava annually out of which 5,000 tons have been billed for export to China. From this the country hopes to realize 5 billion Naira (about 38 million dollars) from cassava export.

 

Local demand is also competing with cassava export. Take for example the Federal Government policy on 10 percent composite on cassava flour to be added to wheat flour in bread making in Nigeria. This alone has placed cassava demand very high locally.

 

Another daily paper reported in April 2005 that Nigeria has, through its recent policy on cassava, started massive export of about 500 tons of cassava chips to China. Some people say some of our locally made foods from cassava, especially Garri, are no longer a poor man’s food.

 

Also speaking recently in a seminar on "Emerging opportunities in the Globalmarkets" organized by the Export Gazette Magazine in Lagos a team of scientists from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, advised cassava farmers not to limit themselves to export of cassava chips alone but also to avail themselves to several opportunities and potentials in cassava and diversify to other productive areas such as cassava leaves for animal feeds, glucose syrup, Ethanol, modified starches for textile and paper industries, adhesives and several pharmaceutical products.

In a paper jointly presented by Drs. Richardson, Okechukwu, Lateef Sanni, Chuma Ezedinma and Mr. Pual Ilona, the scientists say that Nigeria exporters should concentrate on products where Nigeria cassava has relative advantages. According to them premium price was being offered at domestic markets to meet the demand for cassava starch, 130,000 tons per annum cassava starch, 200,000 tons per year high quality cassava flour, 80 million liters per year ethanol.

Private Sector Support

With the recent development in cassava revolution that is imminent a Brazilian Conaconerate, Halotel Fadel did feasibility studies in year 2003 to establish cassava based industry to utilize about 300 tons of casava per day.

 

Another company, Nigeria Allied Atlantic, makers of alcoholic drinks in Lagos are interested in producing about 90million liters of alcohol annually. They would require about 140 tons of dry cassava chips or 560 tons of fresh tubers per day in addition to what is needed to be processed to human consumption in local preference.

 

Starch from cassava has been used as raw material in a host of industries. State and local governments in Nigeria have also been cooperative and associated with presidential initiative on cassava by planting a large acreage of land.

 

 This is in anticipation that  local and international investors will take advantage of potentials in cassava and invest cassava -based industry in their state/locality. They believe this would greatly reduce the rate of unemployment in our society.

 

One state in Nigeria which has taken a giant stride in cassava development and its utilization is Osun. The state commissioner of agriculture, in a statement in Osogbo, the state capital, said that the state has already planted 100 hectares of land of cassava this planting season alone, and is now waiting for investors to come in for the resources provided for them in the state

The National Agricultural Research System (NARS) and the Nigeria Cassava Grower Association, is also in high need of cassava for the research and industrial uses.

In 2003 a statement from U.S consulate in Lagos stated that the Cassava Enterprises Development Project (CEDP) target about 300,000 farmers households to promote greater income to cassava farmers in 11 states of Nigeria.

 

The aim is  to improve technology transfer and to develop cassava process which in turn will help to identify potential commercial market for cassava. It is also expected to develop commercial market such as ethanol production, livestock feed, in addition to its potential as staple food.

Oyo state farmers where IITA is located  has been mandated to monitor distribution of planting materials have been laughing their way to the bank from the money they realize from the sale of planting materials.

 

They improve cutting stems and the farmers are now happy for having value for their labor. They are now happy that they make double money as they sell both the improved stems and the tuber to customers who need this to improve stems for multiplication of cassava revolution imminent in Nigeria.

 

It is now a good time for farmers to exploit this new area to make more money by multiplying improved cassava stem in different parts of the country. This view was expressed by Mr. Paul Ilona an agricultural expert and international trail manager of IITA in one of his papers presented at a  seminar in Lagos.

 

 Ilona  said he is even looking for a time when farmers or interested buyers will just walk to a supermarket, or any agricultural deport and ask for package of improved planting materials, stems of his or her choice and it would be supplied to him/her on demand.

However, the reaction or feedback from few members of the public I interviewed on the presidential initiative on cassava was that the initiative is a very good one and they appreciate it. But they warned that as things used to be in Nigeria, start up and end abruptly.

 

One farmer says he prays for the president and his team for sustainability of the project. He hopes we should not  try not to export at low price and then suffer insufficient supplies, which can lead to hunger in our country. Others think it is a positive development for Nigeria but it would be great if the federal government can educate us to the grassroots level on how to engage on export of cassava as this may even reduce the alarming rate of unemployment in our country.

It is worthy to note here however that what Nigeria expects most through the presidential initiative on cassava is faithful implementation of aims and objectives of the program. It is hoped that public enterprises and institutions alike would strike the appropriate cord in agriculture and produce the desired effects and subsequent realization of the development expectations, long-ascribed to the agricultural industry.

 

Such expectation as self-sufficiency in domestic food requirements, adequate local production of agro-industrial raw materials, foreign exchange earnings through exports are assumed achievable in the long run through a careful implementation of the terms and prescriptions of National Special Programme for Food Security (NSPFS) and the presidential initiative, focusing on cassava, rice, tree crops and other commodities.

 

The practice whereby only 10 percent of Nigeria Foreign exchange earnings come from the non-oil sector cannot sustain us again.

 

Diversification of our economy and agricultural revolution is our best-bet through the public-private partnership initiative aimed at economically developing the capacity of small- holder farmers to enable them have value for their labor and raise their standard of living and more importantly create more employment in our society.